Understanding the different types of cancer treatment
Cancer treatment can vary based on the type, stage and location of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health.
William Chance, MD, is a radiation oncologist with Salem Hospital. He said the primary treatment options include surgery, radiation or systemic therapy.
Maximizing treatment effectiveness
“Surgery removes the tumor or affected tissue,” said Dr. Chance. “Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to shrink or kill cancer cells. Systemic therapy involves drugs that kill or slow the growth of cancer cells — such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy — and can be given orally, intravenously or via injections.”
The oncologist said the type of cancer and stage determine which treatments are most appropriate. Surgery is often used when a tumor is concentrated in one area and can be completely removed.
“In contrast, chemotherapy or radiation is favored when cancer has spread or is in a location where surgery could harm vital organs,” Dr. Chance said. “These treatments are sometimes used before surgery to shrink tumors or after surgery to eliminate residual cancer cells.”
Many patients will receive a combination of treatments, such as surgery alongside chemotherapy and/or radiation.
“This multimodal approach is designed to maximize treatment effectiveness,” Dr. Chance said.
A collaborative treatment plan
The oncologist said patients and providers work together to make decisions throughout the treatment process.
“Initially, providers evaluate the patient's diagnosis, overall health and personal preferences, then clearly explain the available treatment options along with their potential benefits and risks,” Dr. Chance said. “This dialogue ensures that patients can ask questions and express concerns, allowing their values and lifestyle considerations to shape their care plan.”
When a patient needs a combination of treatments, Salem Health providers from different specialties come together to create a strategy that’s individualized to the patient’s needs. Then, during regular follow-up appointments, that plan can be adjusted based on the patient’s progress and circumstances, Dr. Chance said.